Mangrove forests are found in coast of the tropics and subtropics regions. In mangrove forest there are several species of trees which are able to tolerate salt water and tidal condition. During the high tide roots of mangroves submerged in the saltwater, in addition to the soil of mangrove forest increases the percentage of salt within because sun light evaporates sea water in the period of low tide. Only mangroves, approximately 110 species, are able to adapt to this environment.

Broadly spread roots of mangrove grab mud came from land and protect land from erosion and tsunamis. Mangroves also provide home for many species of plants and animals. The complex of roots’ system provides a shelter for young fish from predator. Roots also have several filter feeders such as barnacles, sponges and oysters. While shrimps and mud lobsters are able to hind themselves in the mud, mangrove crabs supply nutrients to bottom feeder by decomposing leaves of mangrove. Meanwhile the sediment of mangrove absorbs heavy metals of which contamination causes serious problems in the sea.

Despite the importance of mangrove forests for global ecosystem, all most half of mangrove forests are already disappeared. Shrimp farming is important industries for some countries such as Vietnam and Philippine. In order to make ideal farm the area of mangrove forests were destroyed. While some countries such as Thailand do realize that the serves mangrove forests provide are enormous and prohibit the development in the mangrove forests or set the limits.